כְּ֭מוֹהֶם יִהְי֣וּ עֹשֵׂיהֶ֑ם כֹּ֭ל אֲשֶׁר־בֹּטֵ֣חַ בָּהֶֽם׃
Matulad nawa sa kanila ang mga gumawa sa kanila, at ang bawat nagtitiwala sa kanila.
Kli Yakar
And the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda bar Simon is that Moses thought that perhaps this atonement money was for the bloodshed when they killed Hur, like a goring ox that killed a slave. For when Israel fulfills the will of God, they are called “children of the living God,” but when they do not fulfill His will, they are called “slaves.” Therefore, Hur was given the value of a slave, and Israel was compared to a goring ox, as it is said, Those who make them [idols] will become like them (Psalms 115:8), etc. Thus, just as the essence of the idol was an ox eating grass, so too they descended from the level of human beings to the level of an ox.
And the Holy One, blessed be He, said, “Not a talent [of silver],” etc., because it is known that in removing any evil thing, one must remove the cause, and the effect will automatically be nullified. As our Sages said (Tanchuma Chukat 8) regarding the atonement for the [Golden] Calf, “Let the mother come and clean up her child’s filth,” for the red heifer is the mother that gave birth to the calf. By nullifying the root, the branches will fall by themselves, but if you cut off the branches, there is concern that the root bearing gall and wormwood may return to grow branches.
Similarly, the Holy One, blessed be He, said that the main atonement is for the root cause, that is, for the thing that was the cause of all these transgressions, which is the abundance of gold and the desire for wealth that brought them to this deed. As our Sages said (Yoma 86b), They made for themselves gods of gold: Moses said before the Holy One, blessed be He, “You caused this for them because of the abundance of gold that You bestowed upon them,” etc.
The explanation of the matter is as follows: Because He bestowed upon them an abundance of gold, they became greedy, and their eyes were never satisfied. They sought [a god] in the form of an ox because the face of the ox is on the left side of the [Divine] Chariot, and it is written, Gold comes from the north (Job 37:22) [which is on the left]. They thought that the constellation of the ox brings wealth and would bestow upon them even more gold, as it is written, Where there are no oxen, the manger is clean, but much increase comes by the strength of the ox (Proverbs 14:4). Similarly, Joseph, who provided for the entire land, was called firstborn of his ox.
Therefore, He commanded them to give half a shekel to atone for the one who covets money, for he will never have more than half [of what he desires], as our Sages said (Ecclesiastes Rabbah 1:13), “If one has 100, he desires 200; if he has 200, he desires 400.” Thus, one never has more than half a shekel [of what he wants].
And the Holy One, blessed be He, said, “Not a talent [of silver],” etc., because it is known that in removing any evil thing, one must remove the cause, and the effect will automatically be nullified. As our Sages said (Tanchuma Chukat 8) regarding the atonement for the [Golden] Calf, “Let the mother come and clean up her child’s filth,” for the red heifer is the mother that gave birth to the calf. By nullifying the root, the branches will fall by themselves, but if you cut off the branches, there is concern that the root bearing gall and wormwood may return to grow branches.
Similarly, the Holy One, blessed be He, said that the main atonement is for the root cause, that is, for the thing that was the cause of all these transgressions, which is the abundance of gold and the desire for wealth that brought them to this deed. As our Sages said (Yoma 86b), They made for themselves gods of gold: Moses said before the Holy One, blessed be He, “You caused this for them because of the abundance of gold that You bestowed upon them,” etc.
The explanation of the matter is as follows: Because He bestowed upon them an abundance of gold, they became greedy, and their eyes were never satisfied. They sought [a god] in the form of an ox because the face of the ox is on the left side of the [Divine] Chariot, and it is written, Gold comes from the north (Job 37:22) [which is on the left]. They thought that the constellation of the ox brings wealth and would bestow upon them even more gold, as it is written, Where there are no oxen, the manger is clean, but much increase comes by the strength of the ox (Proverbs 14:4). Similarly, Joseph, who provided for the entire land, was called firstborn of his ox.
Therefore, He commanded them to give half a shekel to atone for the one who covets money, for he will never have more than half [of what he desires], as our Sages said (Ecclesiastes Rabbah 1:13), “If one has 100, he desires 200; if he has 200, he desires 400.” Thus, one never has more than half a shekel [of what he wants].
Rav Hirsch
V. 28. ועבדתם שם אלהים: dort werdet ihr dem heidnischen Götterwesen, das euch mit seinen Reizen so anlockend erschienen, untertan, und werdet die Macht seines Einflusses kennen lernen, werdet in schmerzlicher Erfahrung kennen lernen, was aus den Menschen wird, wenn ihre Gottheit Götter sind מעשה ידי אדם, die sie sich selbst geschaffen, עץ ואבן usw. Es ist hier das Heidentum in seiner konkreten Erscheinung geschildert. Das von ihm Ausgesagte dürfte aber jede Auffassung, sowohl die exoterische populäre, die die Gottheit als dem geschaffenen Bilde innewohnend anbetet, als die esoterische, die Auffassung der gebildeten Eingeweihten treffen, die in dem Bilde die symbolische Darstellung weltbeherrschender Naturkräfte verehrte. Jene war, nach den Büchern der Propheten, der allverbreitete Volksglauben. Von ihm gilt im buchstäblichsten Sinne מעשה ידי אדם עץ ואבן וגו׳. Aber auch das gebildete Heidentum, das in seinen Götterbildern die symbolische Darstellung personifizierter Naturmächte erblickte, verehrte ja in Wahrheit Gottheiten אשר לא יראון ולא ישמעון ולא יאכלון ולא יריחון. Die Kräfte, die sie vergöttern, sind ja nur physische Gewalten "ohne objektive Intelligenz und ohne subjektives Bewusstsein" sie sehen und hören nicht: es fehlt ihnen die objektive Wahrnehmung, sie schmecken und riechen nicht: es fehlt ihnen das subjektive Bewusstsein. Weder was die Dinge "an sich" sind, noch was die Dinge "ihnen" sind, nehmen sie wahr, sie haben weder Geist noch Willen, sie stehen daher in ihrer bloß physischen blinden Unfreiheit tief, nicht nur unter dem Menschen, sondern sogar tief unter allem organisch Lebendigen, wo auch nur auf niedrigster Stufe der Anfang eines wahrnehmenden und wollenden Bewusstseins andämmert. Wo aber der Mensch bloß physischen Gewalten sich anbetend niederwirft, sein Schicksal und sein Tun und Lassen der Macht blinder Notwendigkeiten unterstellt, da entkleidet er sich selbst seiner geistigen Hoheit und nur entsittlichend wirkt auf ihn seine Götterverehrung, כמוהם יהיו עשיהם כל אשר בטח הטוב (Tehillim 115, 8). Die blinde Unfreiheit seiner Idole wird sein Ideal, ועבדתם שם אלהים וגו׳ und ihr werdet, der heidnischen Welt unterworfen, die ganze Wucht dieser entsittlichten Idolaterie kennen lernen.